State-dependent energy allocation in cod (Gadus morhua)
نویسندگان
چکیده
Growth and maturation are processes that are tuned to the external environment that an individual is likely to experience, where food availability, the mortality regime, and events necessary to complete the life cycle are of special importance. Understanding what influences life history strategies and how changes in life history in turn influence population dynamics and ecological interactions are crucial to our understanding of marine ecology and contemporary anthropogenic induced change. We present a state-dependent model that optimises life-long energy allocation in iteroparous fish. Energy can be allocated to growth or reproduction and depends in the individual’s age, body length, and stored energy and the state of the environment. Allocation and the physiological processes of growth, energy storage, and reproduction are modelled mechanistically. The model is parameterised for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), more specifically the Northeast Arctic cod stock. Growth and maturation predicted by the model fit well with field observations, and based on a further investigation of cod reproduction in the model, we conclude that the model has the ability to recapture complex life history phenomena, e.g., indeterminate growth and skipped spawning, and therefore provides an important tool that can improve our understanding of life history strategies in fish. Résumé : Les processus de croissance et de maturation sont ajustés à l’environnement externe qu’un individu est susceptible de connaître et, en particulier, à la disponibilité de la nourriture, au régime de mortalité et aux événements nécessaires pour compléter le cycle biologique. La compréhension des facteurs qui influencent les stratégies démographiques et, inversement, la connaissance de l’impact des changements de stratégie démographique sur la dynamique de population et les interactions écologiques sont essentielles pour interpréter l’écologie marine et les changements anthropiques contemporains. Nous présentons un modèle dépendant l’état qui optimise l’allocation de l’énergie tout au long de la vie chez les poissons itéropares. L’énergie peut être allouée à la croissance ou à la reproduction et elle varie en fonction de l’âge, de la longueur du corps et de l’énergie emmagasinée par l’individu, ainsi que de l’état de l’environnement. L’allocation et les processus physiologiques de croissance, de stockage d’énergie et de reproduction sont modélisés de manière mécaniste. Nous avons inséré dans le modèle les paramètres spécifiques à la morue franche (Gadus morhua), plus précisément au stock de morues du nord-est de l’Arctique. La croissance et la maturation prédites par le modèle s’ajustent bien aux observations de terrain; une étude plus poussée de la reproduction des morues dans le modèle nous amène à conclure que le modèle a la capacité de représenter des phénomènes complexes du cycle biologique, tels que la croissance indéterminée et les frayes omises et qu’il fournit ainsi un outil important qui peut fournir une meilleure compréhension des stratégies démographiques chez les poissons. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Jørgensen and Fiksen 199
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تاریخ انتشار 2005